Chinese Astronomical Clock Tower
Medieval
Su Song's astronomical clock tower in Kaifeng was a 10-metre mechanical clock with an escapement mechanism, armillary sphere, and celestial globe — 200 years before European mechanical clocks.
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Song Dynasty Gunpowder Weapons
Medieval
The Song Dynasty developed fire arrows, bombs, flamethrowers, and proto-guns centuries before gunpowder weapons appeared in Europe, including the world's first cannon in 1132 CE.
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